Definition
Structured data (Schema.org) — Structured data describes page content in a standardised format (the Schema.org vocabulary) so search engines understand entities and relationships.
Quick answer
Google recommends JSON-LD. Mark up only content visible on the page; structured data makes a page eligible for rich results but does not guarantee them.
Useful types for an expert site
Organization/Person, WebSite, BreadcrumbList, Article, Service, ProfilePage. Never add reviews or ratings that are not on the page — it violates the guidelines.
Sources
- Introduction to structured data markup in Google Search — Google Search Central